Understanding the Impact of Heat on the Human Body

In recent times, the world has witnessed unprecedented temperatures, with July claiming the title of the hottest month on record. As another heatwave builds in the US Pacific northwest, it becomes essential to grasp how extreme heat affects the human body.

The Human Body’s Optimal Temperature:

The human body functions optimally at an internal temperature of around 98.6°F (36.8°C). This core temperature needs to stay within the narrow range of 97-99°F (36-37°C) to protect organs and ensure cells function at their best. When the body overheats, it initiates mechanisms to cool down.

The Cooling Process:

When the body becomes too hot, blood vessels in the skin dilate, and sweat is released. Heat is expelled as sweat evaporates, cooling the skin surface and transferring heat away from the core. However, high humidity can impede this cooling process, and when the heat index (a combination of air temperature and humidity) reaches 90°F, the risk of heat-related illnesses rises.

Stages of Heat-Related Illness:

1. Muscle Cramps: Muscle cramps can occur as one of the initial physical symptoms of heat-related illness.
2. Heat Exhaustion: This is a more severe condition where the body struggles to get rid of excess heat. Symptoms include fatigue, headache, lightheadedness, nausea, dry mouth, and vomiting.

Inside the Body:

Excess heat affects the body internally in various ways:

• Increased Heart Rate: The heart pumps faster to increase blood flow to the skin for heat dissipation.
• Sluggishness: The body becomes sluggish and moves more slowly to reduce heat production by the muscles.
• Heavy Breathing: Breathing becomes heavier as the body tries to take in more oxygen.
• Reduced Urination: The body tries to retain fluid, leading to decreased urination, but significant fluid loss occurs due to excessive sweating.
• Decreased Blood Flow: Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys is reduced, potentially causing organ damage if sustained.

The Most Dangerous Stage: Heatstroke:

Heatstroke is the gravest heat-related illness, occurring when the body temperature reaches 103°F or higher. Organs like the brain, heart, gut, and kidneys can sustain damage. Symptoms may include confusion, hallucinations, seizures, loss of consciousness, and, in severe cases, cardiac arrest. Heatstroke is a medical emergency, and rapid cooling and immediate medical attention are crucial.

Conclusion:

Understanding the impact of extreme heat on the human body is vital, especially as the world faces more frequent and severe heatwaves. Recognizing the stages of heat-related illness and taking preventive measures are essential for safeguarding health during extreme heat events.